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Journalism and agriculture: experience from a colleague of Rovigo

The combination of journalism and collection of tomatoes, triggered by the good on TG4 Emilio Fede (see previous post rightly angry response with a freelance) continues to tickle the fancy of gentlemen precarious. This time he writes a contributor to Rovigo, starting from his personal experience, comes to deny the Faith: Dear Emily, mistakes, picking fruit, "fruit" far beyond the gathering of news ...


Raffaele Bonanni has suddenly realized that not all journalists are part of the "caste" who earn salaries from dream to warm a chair in the newsroom. Emilio Fede denies that a reporter from the TG4 earn less than a bin of tomatoes.
I never had the chance to work for TG4 and so far I have only experimented with the fruit picking, for a wage at the time of 7900 pounds per hour for eight hours a day. Years after this successful experience in the primary, I started working for a local newspaper (The Voice of Rovigo, the names do) to pay € amazing five-piece, three euro if the piece was short. The first salary on seven items, was EUR 30. I still remember the time when I went to the bank to cash the check, the total amusement of the cashier. After some time I was made a contract to € 120 per month. Definitely less than I earned working in the orchard. In reality, the money began to flow in my pocket only after eight to nine months, when I had already fired in a very argumentative, complaining that I was working for free to enrich the director and the administrator. After this rewarding experience, in the grip of masochism continue to write for a month (the city) would pay € 0.003 to go (!). In practice three Euros for a piece of a thousand jokes. Even with this prestigious collaboration I could not buy the boat to Gallipoli, so I softened the first month, then found work at the Corriere del Veneto, where work is still a thousand grumbling. The pay is fantastic, compared to € 5 a time. For a long time coming along to take even € 25 gross. Pity that a) the computer, internet connection, telephone and the car is at my expense, b) open the Courier shriveled, especially the page of Rovigo, do not allow ourselves to write enough to get by. The Association of Journalists, then, ask me 100 € a year for the card, while the Inpgi takes almost two salaries for contributions in a single blow.
To be able to afford the luxury of being a journalist, I work somewhere else, where among other things begin to realize what a place of serious work: a firm commitment, for example, I get paid a fixed salary, which strangely I can go shopping and pay the bills. Do you think that in this reign of Bengodi, if I make a trip by car to work, I will be refunded! And if I'm hurting, I have insurance protection. Do not believe it.
conclude with something I wanted to put the part in the attack. Given that for many it is normal for a journalist working in the conditions described above, I thought to propose a little game to do all along: try to imagine if the Carabinieri worked in this way. To you the pleasure of developing the whole series of gags and hilarious situations with police protagonists temporary, part time, which must be paid only from the middle of the steering wheel, working in more seats per day to make ends meet, etc.. etc.. You could draw a nice sit-com to broadcast after TG4.

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Eye freelance: here comes the PEC!


We wrote Mr Andrew, informing us an email, sent by the Order of Journalists of the Veneto, the "certified mail." A new (and expensive) "legal obligation" by at least doubtful utility. We report that, among other HERE (first site that comes out looking on google the word) the offer to 5 € per year ... Dear blog

journalists are insecure, you can mark it as a hilarious post that mail has arrived in recent days to all order. in practice we should have to provide us with e-mail certified, the modest sum of € 18 plus VAT per year. Best Value, for an order of fact is now composed mostly of temporary workers. cento a year already pay for the sticker on the machine, it not free?

This giuntaci mail:

CERTIFIED MAIL BOX FREE FOR ONE YEAR TO ALL JOURNALISTS OF VENETO

The Convention Order

Gentile colleague

all persons registered are obliged to adopt certified electronic mail (Pec) pursuant to the provisions in paragraph 7 of Article 16 of Law 2 / 2009. The deadline set by law is 30 November 2009 and, from next year, all communications of the Order of the journalists who belong to the Veneto (professionals, journalists, practitioners, and the special list of members) shall be made by Post certified mail (Pec), with significant benefits for members and significant cost savings for the Order.

In order to facilitate the journalists of the region in meeting this obligation in the most simple and less expensive, was a signed agreement with the company Surveys spa which provides for the provision of a PEC ( firstname.lastname @ venetogiornalisti.it ) for three years, the cost for the first year of the Order and shall be paid for the next two years are not accepted, which will be required to pay a total of € .12,00 + VAT (€ .6,00 + VAT per year). This amount will be charged from the second year in a lump Visura spa directly from each member will have activated the Pec.

colleagues joining the Convention will therefore be required to comply with the three-year contract with the above conditions. This is one of the most affordable price in the market, taking into account also the service offered by Visura spa to all members that join the Convention. The been erased from the Register of Journalists of the Veneto, or transfer to another Order will remove the possibility of using the PEC box, which will be turned off by the company Visura spa. If the cancellation or transfer should occur in the second or third year, the member can not ask for any reason the refund of the fee paid for any period of loss of use of the PEC box.

To activate the e-mail certified The procedure is simple and easy: the first will be sent to all members directly from a spa Visura mail containing your personal identification information and few guidelines to follow. Those who do not receive such notice by mid-December (due to any mistakes or because the Order has no email address), should instead take their codes directly by sending an email containing your full name and social security number to gestionepec @ visura . it with the subject "request parameters Pec Journalists."

All colleagues are therefore warmly invited to join as soon as possible agreement with Visura spa.

Those already in possession of Pec is obliged to inform his address to the secretary of the Order of Journalists of the Veneto. The notice may be given at the usual e-mail address (office @ ordinegiornalisti. veneto.it ) or at Pec : odgveneto@gigapec.it that will be used for all communications to and from in directs mail certified electronic .

Use of Pec for all communications of the Order of Journalists (in the circular for the shares at the annual convocation of the annual election dall'indizione the various communications to members, etc.). expected benefits will include faster communication and a significant reduction in administrative costs and those relating to postal articles, and avoid long queues for members to post offices to pick up with the recommended communications.

(...)

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Emilio Fede, and the precarious tomato pickers by one hundred million all'Inpgi

"There are journalists who earn less than immigrants who pick the tomatoes." Word of Raffaele Bonanni (18 November 2009), secretary general of the CISL, which is aiming to create a new union in competition with FNSI.
evening edition of TG4. Emilio Fede says: "A mind that is not reflected. If I look around here every journalist earns as ten, fifteen, twenty, or fifty - deservedly - tomato pickers' (the video is here per minute 4.50). Thus, en passant. Perhaps you are not a good look around? How many tomatoes is an article paid € 9? A young journalist

precarious Venetian sees the scene, it does not hold anger and write a short letter to the Doctrine of the Faith but dense. The below (if you want to join the protest, you can also write to emilio.fede @ mediaset.it ).

"Dear Editor,
be brief: As stated today by Raffaele Bonanni (
There are journalists who earn less than immigrants who collect pomdori
in the fields") is absolutely true.
I can sign it because even I, a journalist who works
daily from nine years to a major head of the Northeast, I find myself in the situation described by
a number of CISL: € 9.50 gross per piece.
And I assure you that for people like me who has never given priority:
an employment contract and has only ever thought about working for a newspaper that loves
, such figures are a humiliation
difficult to sustain. I imagine that within its editorial
there are situations like this, but I want to let you know that many good colleagues
live my own condition. Without the
our union to do anything.

Sincerely

letter signed "

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Questions ...

Dear friends Re: cast, even if physically

" fugitive "to meetings organized by you (the reason is mainly due to quotas and absolutely binding commitments) since beginning of this adventure I wanted to give my support, whereas imperative that finally there is something and someone who intercepts the difficulties of free-lance in order to improve the conditions of our work.

then I take the invitation to send contributions to a very sensitive issue as the Inpgi.

Excellent idea for a confrontation with the president. And equally good idea to address the problem outlined in the letter, the difficulty of paying to the news about the payment of contributions to be borne by us through F24. To give you an example: I discovered by chance and at the last day for those who the VAT as I would formulate and submit the form required "only" electronically through affiliated structures (ie accountant who studies, and then apply) and not simply by going to the bank and the postal . Whether true or not, is still a mystery, even if the site dell'Inpgi is explicit on this.

The lack of familiarity with this procedure (including the payment by F24 Excise duty is not available through the 'home banking) has somehow forced the Inpgi to run for cover, by resurrecting the mode of payment by bank for the balance 2008. I've only been able to tell me why I asked all'Inpgi what I had to pay because so far I have not received any letters dall'Inpgi on what I had to pay much less on the reintroduction of the transfer, as was the case in the past and as is the case for the down payment (I am an isolated case or has happened other?)

With Camporese, would submit a bit to deal with 'the whole question Inpgi 2 because I found a vast ignorance of the implications of the new (so to say, started in 1996 ) pension system. That can be summed up simply as you take the pension based on contributions you have paid. It is therefore strategic understand clearly what is the future, It 's easy - or dismissive - to meet the pension will be ridiculous, but how much is it? This also to ensure on time, perhaps using other formulas that guarantee a decent income at a certain age or in the event of serious difficulties . And the sooner the less you pay.

For example: you know (reference to one hundred million) as it will receive a pension based on contributions and payments in the presence of 1 or at Inpgi INPS or other pension funds? There are many freelance in this situation and it's really difficult to disentangle to understand something.

This is also to launch a warning about a situation in twenty years could see a lot of us in the difficulty of putting together the contributions for the non Inpgi but ends meet. And not because we did not work quite the opposite. The fact is - I repeat - that the new system we are (with our payments on our own or those of the publisher) to build our future. Staying with a handful of flies on hand will be useful to anyone.

Another challenge is the operation of all the collateral offered dall'Inpgi, even in separate management: Turn on mortgages, insurance life and so on. etc.. How many of us know what they are entitled? I can assure you that even those who, like myself, sought information about it had no clear and unambiguous answers.

That's it. Sorry if I was verbose or unclear: in the first case probably because they have passed the door and have family responsibilities makes me more worried about other young people on this issue. About the clarity, happy I'm available.
Thank you for your attention.

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for those wishing to consult the sources used for this blog here are the complete bibliography

AA.VV., (2004). Connecting Parliament with the Public. House of Commons. London. Accessed on 06/01/2009 at http://www. publications. Parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmmodern/368/368.pdf.
AA.VV, electronic democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli, 2006.
Amoretti, F, The digital revolution and the constitutional process in Europe. The e-democracy between ideology and institutional practices, in AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Bentivegna, S., (2002). Politics and new communication technologies. Rome: Third-Wesley.
Coleman, S. and Gotz, J. (2001) Bowling Together: Online public engagement in policy deliberation, London: Hansard Society.
Coleman, S. & Norris, DF (2005). A New Agenda for e-democracy. Oxford Internet Institute Forum Discussion Paper No. 4, January 2005 consulted on 10/01/2009 at http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/publications.cfm
Davis, R. (1999 ). The Web of Politics. The Internet's Impact on the American Political System, New York: Oxford University Press
De Rosa, R., weblogs and processes shaping public opinion, in AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, No. 1, Milan, Franco Angeli
Francioli, M., Parliaments Online: Modernizing and Engaging? in Leston-Bandeira, C., Stephen Ward et al. (Ed.) (2008). Parliaments in the Digital Age. Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Report 13 January 2008.
Goldsmith, J., and Wu, T., (2006) The owners of the Internet. The illusion of a borderless world. Milan, Rgb Media
Katz, E. (1957) The two step flow of communication: An Up-to-Date Report on n Hypothesis. Public Opinion Quarterl, vol.21, no.1
Leston-Bandeira, C., Stephen, W., et al. (2008) Parliaments in the Digital Age OII Forum Discussion Paper No. 13 on 23/12/2008 consulted on http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/publications.cfm
Lusoli, W. (2005). Democracy (electronic) and definitions. Paper presented at the Tools of Democracy workshop, University of Bologna consulted on 20/12/2008 at http://www.esri.salford.ac.uk/ESRCResearchproject/papers/lusoli_2005_democrazia_elettronica.pdf
Lusoli, W., windows, triangles and circles: the political economy in a speech on democracy electronic AA.VV In, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
McLuhan M., (1967), Understanding Media, Basic Books, New
Morini, M., challenges and opportunities of e-democratization in Eastern Europe, in AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) The e-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Musella, F., The process of modernization and e-democracy among new dependency. In AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Rolando, S. (2003). Theory and techniques of public communication, London: Etas books.
Santaniello, M., Internet resources, in AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Shmitter, PC, E.democrazia and EU-democracy: an experiment mediated in AA.VV, (ed.) (2006) E-democracy, COMPOL, 1, Milan, Franco Angeli.
Tinley, D., The UK Parliament in the Digital Age: A Personal Perspective on Leston-Bandeira, C., Stephen Ward et al. (Ed.) (2008). Parliaments in the Digital Age. Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Report 13 January 2008.
Trechsel AH, R. Kies, F. Mendez, Schmitter PC (2004). Evaluation of the use of new technologies in order to facilitated democracy in Europe. European University Institute, University of Geneva
Zittel, T. Parliaments and the Internet: A Perspective on the State of Research in Leston-Bandeira, C., Stephen Ward et al. (Ed.) (2008). Parliaments in the Digital Age. Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Report 13 January 2008.

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sites of the Parliament of the United States of America

The U.S. Congress consists of two bodies, the Senate and House of Representatives, each with its own specific URL to reach the reference site.
The U.S. Senate, www.senate.gov at present, is characterized by a first impact on a line chart is determined, well-designed from the point of view of navigation and access to information. Any reference to the seat, flag, and then of nationality, are well marked and measured through a maddening not present the colors blue, red and white, pleasant even the references to classical myths with the painting of Italian Costantino Brumidi, Telegraph. The menu bar on the homepage lists links through which you can get the information most important institution. Taking the parameters
dell'elettronic legislatures index, with regard to information on legislation by clicking on "Legislature & Record" can be find news about the vote, appointments, calendars, cards, laws, resolutions, treaties, approval of laws, public debates, legislative processes, active legislation. Through the menu of the homepage, the link with "committees" to access to information about committees. Through "Art History" is entered in the section devoted to the history of the United States Senate. Finally click on "Visitors" you make a virtual tour of the site that hosts it.
On the bilateral interactivity, the percentage of parliamentary email address is being met within the link "Senators." For each senator This is a web form through which you can send personal messages and extract biographical information. In addition to online contacts, there are also traditional mail addresses, telephone and fax numbers to contact in case of need.
Interactivity 'multilateral discarded due to the lack of forums or chat through which to contact the senators. The user friendliness is rather quite satisfied by the presence of search services, visible in the upper right corner is a search engine outlined by region or keyword allows you to locate information on the Senators of the individual states. The site map, FAQ, text version of the site, the tables of contents and alphabetical appear to be absent. The use of scrolls: this factor. Lacking, apart from the virtual tour, multimedia major.
As you can see the whole this site is highly informative, leaving little room for a direct interaction with citizens and therefore a good opportunity to mechanisms for citizen participation within the scope of public decisions.
The House of Representatives of the United States has its corporate website at http:www.house.gov detectable. It seems very distant from the site of 'complementary body, the Senate, both graphics, tones of sand and brown, both for the setting of structural information, as you will notice lack the horizontal bar at the top which was used to outline the specific reference sections. Ultimately, even on that site we can say that the graphics is not excessive and somewhat linear, but the 'general form looks different.
Applying once again the index of E-li, from the standpoint of providing the information you can get news about the Chamber and its members through the various links on the site. L 'legislative activity is verifiable through the link "Legislative", which is to be found among other things, a virtual tour of the structure that houses the room, click on "Visiting DC." The connection to the representatives and the various Ministers possible through "Representatives" and "Committees" link on the left side of the homepage. The three search engines found on the homepage allow you to find information also represented, which can be traced on the basis of belonging to the State or simply by name. These search engines also allow you to connect to websites of various ministries. Clicking on the link on the homepage "House Organizations" will find general information regarding the history of the House to the specific internal link "Office of the Historian."
To meet the criterion of bilateral interaction, the site contains the e-mail to all representatives of the double tracking, as already said, both through search engines or through the dedicated link "Representatives". In addition, for each of them is available on a website. The off-line contacts of the representatives are present in the same personal pages, while the general contact the House of Representatives can be found through the link "House Organizations" that provides contact information for all offices and their supervisors in the administrative structure of the Chamber. Also in the room
multilateral interactivity does not seem to be satisfied because of the lack of forums and chat. The 'user friendliness is fulfilled with the presence of search services and the use of scrolls. But lacks the site map, FAQ, text version the site, the table of contents and alphabetical.
interesting is the presence of a section for children called "Kids in the house" that explains the parliament to children with educational multimedia and games.

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eli Site Assessment of the European Parliament

We will now consider the European Parliament's website at detectable www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament.do?language=it direction as having methodological points of e-li, but trying to make content more discursive, not too schematic, path analysis. Regardless of factors, however, characterize the look and feel quite as smooth and linear, the navigability rational the range of blue colors that have the dual function of making the reading pleasant and the European flag, there is, comparing the site with other national, a greater focus on the possibility of interaction and civic participation. On the homepage, click on the link at the top "Parliament", it is possible to reach a page where the section on the left "Parliament and the citizen", as it contains link:
· "Correspondence with citizens", a service that allows any Send your questions to the national Parliament.
· "Petitions" by which any EU citizen or resident of a Member State may submit via web a petition to Parliament, individually or in association with others, on a matter which falls within the scope of EU activities and which affects him directly, by filling an online form.
· "Agora", a tool that adopts a method of public consultation, open and transparent, upstream of the major themes of the EU agenda. This is a program that periodically, through the use of seminars, forums, conferences, European civil society is invited by Parliament to speak freely on various issues (in 2008 there was talk of climate change) informed analysis and proposals, but also defining its role in the actions that will undertaken.
· "opinion polls" means an investigation by the parliament which seeks to better understand the perception that people have of his activities and those of the European Union as a whole. a valuable help in the preparation, deliberation and evaluation of their work.

the home page it is present in the lower right link "Europe Direct", which gives access to a service of general information on EU matters in all official languages, answers to questions about EU policies , practical information on many topics, such as how to recognize their skills or how to complain unsafe products, contact information for organizations that need addresses and tips to help solve practical problems in the exercise of rights in Europe. The services also in other sites analyzed are the guide to the visits, access to documents, the possibility of internships, a list of offices in the various European countries and assumptions. With regard to information on legislation, the link "Activities", you can find news about the sessions, particularly on the activities, operations, agendas, reports, motions, debates, the minutes, the approved texts, positions inside the parliament, parliamentary questions and the timetable, as regards the work of the committees, there are information about the work, the Conference of Presidents of committees, projects, agendas, minutes, calendars, work in progress, hearings and trials , working papers, member communications, reports, opinions, amendments, and draft reports and opinions. Particular attention is given to the delegations, the basic organs of the European Parliament have a duty to maintain and improve contacts with parliaments of countries that have traditionally been partners of the European Union and, second, third countries to help promote the values which the EU is based, in particular the principles of freedom, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law. Also in terms of information laws, parliamentary debates, apart from parliamentary questions and the written statements accessible online, the site at the link EP Live offers a lot of material media to see what happens in the European Parliament, in particular, there are three specific links "EP Live schedule", "CW Now," "the agenda of the plenary."
information about members of the assemblies can be found at the link "your members", which proposes a division to the country of origin. In each specific parliamentary has a profile that specifies address information, curriculum vitae, parliamentary activities, assignments as a member of committees and delegations, the declaration of financial interests and the link to party affiliation. There is also an archive of MEPs comprising members from the first term, you can find information on the composition, functions and work of the various organs of the Parliament: the President, the Secretary General and political bodies (Bureau , Quaestors, commissions, conferences and Delegation of Committee). Finally, for each committee and delegation is a list of members with their roles, and reference to the personal page the lawmaker. General information about the "Fact Sheets on the European Union," which include information on the history and functions of the union. Very interesting that the site is based on journalistic evident also from the prominence on the front page of the "Press" and "archival print" which offer news about the activities and events of Parliament, as well as press releases and audiovisual services. The presence of EuroparlTV, with four different sections: "Your Parliament", "your voice", "Young Europe", "Parliament Live," confirms the impression that this is a sopra.È Register of documents (with advanced search capabilities and also by type of document) and archives center (with legal bases, documents and publications on the activities of the Union). Regarding the bilateral interaction, in addition to the above-mentioned de service "e-citizen", all MEPs have a personal card which specifies the address e-mail address to contact them. Also available are the e-mail contacts of all committees and delegations of the European Parliament Information Offices in major cities of the member states (Italy, Rome and Milan), there is a mailbox to request information on any technical difficulties encountered in navigating the site. As for general contact, and provide mailing address of the European Parliament for each member are provided the mailing address and phone number and fax at the offices in Brussels and Strasbourg, information offices Parliament in the major cities of the member states.
The user friendliness is through a search engine home page, there are several search services specific to each area (look for documents, transcripts of meetings, publications, information supplied by the press), with search mode Advanced map the site that lists the different sections divided by topic.
For further details, see the address http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/agora/agora_functioning_it.pdf

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POLICIES E-PARLIAMENT.

This research reports, given the objective assessment of the site Italian parliamentarian, agrees with the statement made by Bentivegna (2002), namely that overall, the online Parliament has become more accessible to citizens on the activities that take place in the classroom but continues to remain waterproof in front of possible forms of direct contact with individuals who justify its own existence: the voters. In support of this impermeability may be the place MEPs fear felt by a gradual erosion of representative democracy in favor of the direct (p. 148).
examining the sites of the Italian Parliament and UK Parliament, the first difference noted is that while the former for its two bodies, the House and the Senate, refers to different URLs, if the British House of Commons and the House of Lords benefit of a specific section within the same site. In English one can be perceived, therefore, an overview of the two assemblies in the different parts, but inseparable, a single large organism. Instead, the site of the Italian Parliament that sense, at least from the point of view of the web, is not perceived, by contrast arises emphasis on two structures apart, with sites also in the colors and graphics look completely different.
Furthermore, looking at these two instruments so different, in my view, stands the very fact that the Italian is rather static, given the predominance of general information and the lack of concrete instruments to a two-way exchange, limited to the opportunity to interact through email. A little nature aiming at a two-way communication, useless to the emergence of the e-democracy mentioned by many, but good vehicle for information. In fact, there are no active forms of online participation and interactivity serious and continuous. It seems to me necessary to point out the lack of useful tools such as, for example, online consultations, support an immediate need to explore and rational public opinion on particular issues civilians, but the desertion of any form of multilateral exchange such as forums and chat. The latter could have become the means by which members of parliament could have put at the forefront order established a dialogue with voters and at the same time create an opportunity for growth and responsible citizen. But it seems almost obvious that the intent in building the apparatus of the parliament has its own website to avoid such a system. It can be said that the Italian side sharing tools are absent citizen in the democratic process and therefore we can not talk about implementation of the so-called e-democracy in our context parliament. This means that it takes away the citizen the opportunity to take a serious social responsibility in advancing the country through its contribution in the discussion of draft laws, proposals and so helps to regulate by law the company. As mentioned, the main function of the three sites of the Italian Parliament is complex information, and in terms of access to information that I believe apply correctly all the parameters required by industry regulations, having generally the easy usability, guaranteed by a simple design that makes possible an easily readable, good contrast of colors, which highlights the most important aspects, the ease in finding information, the provision of information and the presence of the search engine. The airworthiness seems somewhat defensive on the schematic layout of the content on the basis of its sectors, which thereby prevents a user disorientation.
Regarding the site of the British Parliament the situation seems quite different. At first glance catches the eye of the navigator, the rational and well-defined structure of a site that is both rich in content and easy usability. Apart from the features on usability, navigability and accessibility, all perfectly proportioned, very interesting is the presence of related movies special holidays, such as the time when I did my assessment there was a shooting on the Christmas tree decorations in front of Parliament buildings, a small example of the 'English humor . Very important from the point of view is the presence of an interactive blog of Lords which is an experimental project to encourage direct dialogue between web users across the world and Members of the House of Lords, in order to exchange opinions on laws and other themes.
Even scholars in the sector agree to define a positive structure and management of United Kigdom Parliament website, in fact, the British Web Design and Marketing Association has described him in an interview on 2 July 2002 as a sito'simple, elegant and business-like 'and' the best example of "open government" adoption of Internet technologies That We Have Seen '. It should be stressed that it is one of the most advanced in terms of interactivity and feedback. Moreover, it seems that the site of the British Parliament is in constant evolution, a dynamic tool updated constantly with movies that recall the various occasions of the year. In fact, conducting a quick search on the development of the same, I have learned that this tool in recent years was involved in many changes due to a specific project involving civil, in order to comply with the new Citizens' Rights. Exactly, the strategic plan promoted by the British Parliament in 2004 and mentioned in the report entitled "Connecting Parliament with the Public, has given the inputs to a specific site audit. After an awareness of the shortcomings inherent, as is clear from the document, the House of Commons Commission has worked on the site in order to affirm the following principles: A.
use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance the accessibility of Parliament and for the public, exercising his right to use any convenient way to communicate with colleagues and Committees of the House.
B. Use ICT to improve the professionalism of the deputies, their staff and the staff room, in all aspects of parliamentary life.
C. Use ICT to increase public participation in parliamentary proceedings, allowing them to tap into the broadest possible base of experience, including in particular those that have been traditionally excluded from political and parliamentary process.
D. Recognizing the value of opening and using ICT to enable, as far as possible to the public to have access to its proceedings and documents.
E. Develop and share best practices on ICT use by parliamentarians and other government agencies, both within the United Kingdom and elsewhere, working in collaboration with external organizations.
a "radical redesign" of the website was finally approved in principle by the relevant committees in both houses in the spring of 2006, and work has begun planning for a five-year program of improvements (Tinley 2008).
At this point you can answer the question asked at the beginning of this report (ie how the Western democracies have taken advantage of the network?). As we have seen in several parts, has attempted to show that in general the network has the potential to become the venue to create forms of participation and empowerment Citizens, however, different applications, the result of different political perspectives, not always lead to positive results in this direction.
Therefore, the sites tested showed that if in some cases have established the principles of e-democracy and create opportunities for citizen participation, in others this has not happened, but rather the network has created virtual spaces served as transpositions online information practices that already exist offline.

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APPLICATION OF 'E-LI THE SITE INDEX OF UK PARLIAMENT

In order to understand what implications the democratic information and communication technology applications have different tissue in the institutions of Western countries that count on representative systems, I analyze below, as was done previously for that of the Italian Parliament, the site of the UK Parliament, so that the reader is able, by attempting to follow then that comparison, noting the peculiarities and understand, at least in general terms, the clear differences and thus potential uses. The site I'm going to evaluate is to be found at www.parliament.uk. As was done for the Italian Parliament, I come near to the evaluation of the portal into the evaluation index E-LI as a guideline, however, after the description Schematic try a wider range of comparison. PROVISION OF INFORMATION

information on legislation: the site contains information regarding the laws and acts of Parliament. In this case, the link on the homepage "Business", has a sub called Bills and Legislation, which sends it to a page where you can find information on laws, acts of parliament, the proposals, details of the stages of progress of bills, statutory instruments and so on. There is a link that opens the http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts.htm section, where you can search for parliamentary proceedings in an archive dating back to 1837.
News specific to the work of the submission and parliamentary debates: Compared to the Italian Parliament, the British site has a wealth of information on the Committees, in particular the daily meetings, the work pieces of legislation and other documents that process. In addition there is a section called Committees in that allows you to view a full guide to all the commission income with their web addresses. There is, inter alia, a weekly newsletter that can be downloaded from the site called Lords Weekly Bulletin. What's On section presents the ongoing debates and the program of future work of the Assembly. . Members & Staff link in place that is always on the homepage, you can get information on members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, presenting them in alphabetical order and by division of belonging. There are also information on the various parliamentary offices. A particular engine, Find your MP, you enter a zip code to find the MP for your area. You can also find news about the budget and emoluments of the Parliament. Audio and Video in the link you can find movies and other media files that can assist the work of Parliament.
General information (history, sites, logo, etc.) in Bella Vista is located on the homepage link About the Parliament which provides general information about the opportunity to visit the Parliament (visiting), and its History, the role of parliament and educational services available . In addition to the right of the homepage can be found as the latest news and interesting section on the 150th anniversary of construction of Big Ben with interest, the schedule of events to celebrate the event, rare pictures, numbers and press releases for printing. During the time that I have viewed the site on this side there was always a nice video showing the work of the Christmas tree for the preparation of the parliament.
2. INTERACTIVE 'BILATERAL-Percent-mail addresses with parliamentary contacts general (off-line, e-mail, telephone): There are contacts for general (off-line) as a phone number, fax number and address traditional. You may notice a degree of interactivity and feedback. Contrary to the Italian Parliament, not all MPs have e-mail address. To overcome the lack of such parliamentary contacts are provided off-line as a physical address for mail and a phone number. Also missing a high percentage of members with a personal website. The presence of an e-mail alerts on the homepage allows you to receive information directly to your e-mail. INTERACTIVE
'MULTILATERAL-interest is the presence of a blog called Lords of the blog reached on the appropriate link on the right side of the homepage.

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The e-Parliament

In recent years, parliaments around the world have taken into its sphere of action advanced information and communication technologies, whose right application can offers an opportunity to ensure transparency, access to information and citizen participation in public decisions, leading to both a strengthening of the democratic framework.
Unfortunately, theoretical studies on the application of e-democracy within the context of Parliament, namely the e-parliament, is still somewhat limited, given that this is an area yet to be explored in large part. From the conceptual point of view it is useful to reflect the precise definition of implementation of e-democracy within the framework proposed by the Parliamentary Zittel (2008):
The concept of e-democracy in the first place suggests that the Internet will be able to increase the amount and the quality of communication between Parliament and the components within a given institutional framework, and second-democracy suggests that electronic communication will affect the Parliament as an institution, and third-democracy suggests that a more responsive and transparent Finally, the parliamentary process will lead to increased political engagement of citizens.
In this report, we believe that thanks to ICT can be an active interaction between parliamentarians and citizens. In fact, in my opinion the new technologies have already shown how they can be an ideal vehicle to create modern institutions, transparent and accountable.
However, doing a little research, I noticed that the current literature, as was the case for e-democracy, has seen the emergence of very critical positions. In fact, although there are some intellectuals who announces the ICT as a tool by the strong democratic potential, seeing them as a way to restart or reconnect voters with their representatives, and improve the health of modern democracies (Francioli, 2008), on the contrary, others believe that the Internet is already being used by MPs to preserve and, at most, increase its power. Missing according to this second scenario, a responsible testing of alternative channels of communication in order to create more sophisticated forms of democracy. Politicians would once again engaged in a process of adaptation aimed to use the Internet as a tool to achieve the same goal as they tried to get through other mechanisms of public communication. Among these objectives include the re-election and the approval of the general public (Davis 1999). The instruments of communication and information would be used by MPs to advertise its image and its activities in order to seize electoral consensus, and would be given little weight to the moments of dialogue with voters, avoiding the opportunity to exchange information. In addition, the thought of Thomas Zittel as researchers point out that as there is no evidence that parliaments disclose in Web sites more than they did previously. Faced with a critical
so still, unfortunately, supported by real factors, the position of Parliament who appears to hinder rather than promote electronic democracy. The fear of abduction power feared by some members of parliament can only be overcome if you put more attention to the positive contributions that new technologies are able to provide their work.
From my standpoint, I believe that having a look too apocalyptic, leaving no room for the inherent potential or already explicit in some cases it may be limited to study the real effects of the network, the fact is that the computer applications have already entered in most contexts parliamentarians. Moreover, while it is true that many parliaments are using Internet hesitantly, that is, only as a means to facilitate access to public information and increase transparency within the institutional framework, on the other hand is useful to look at those projects seeking to go beyond this limit. Overall, only analyzing the different institutional contexts, we can better understand the extent to which technologies have led to differences in practice meeting, and understand the different ways in which parliaments have used the Internet.
parliaments in different places have all the information online about the institution, work done in committees, as well as the proposals being considered in many cases, complete reports can be downloaded. Some offer audio and video so that the public can watch the procedure on-line, and most offer contact information for parliamentary or technicians. (Leston-Bandeira et al. 2008).
Other modernization efforts have been geared to improving working conditions and access of parliamentarians. In Canada, for example, the House of Commons has been wired so that every Member had a power source and a wireless Intranet and Internet. In some countries such as Finland was introduced electronic voting. So many changes in the way in which individual representatives carry out their activities in which new commitments are paid, how to respond to emails coming from people who expect to receive a response within a short time considering the speed of the vehicle. It should however be said that the work is facilitated by the same portals as information-rich on-line help to staff members of parliament often find answers to questions in a relatively short time.
Returning to the more specific area of \u200b\u200be-democracy, some parliaments have embraced the idea of \u200b\u200bgreater involvement of citizens in public decisions, and at least initially experienced online consultations, e-petitions and blogs. A good example of this is the British Parliament which has developed in recent years, several projects to create a deep interaction with citizens. From 1998 to 2005 there has been a first draft on-line consultations, however, that some criticize as it is not institutionally embedded interactivity, which is a kind of experiment, not a new stable parliamentary service. In fact, ask people's opinions on certain issues and then ignore them may involve the risk of yet another general distrust. Hence perhaps the criticism of Coleman and Götze (2001): "Governments should not offer the online consultation as a gimmick, but they must be committed to supplement the evidence gathered in the political process and be responsive." Still on English landscape, another step is represented by a forum established to enable citizens to organize in the form of a discussion guide was then provided to the Committee for the bill. The project was attended by nearly 2,000 visits per day. In the United Kingdom from the website of the Prime Minister, any person may sign a petition. Although there is no supporting documentation or room for discussion, this initiative since its inception in November 2006, attracted over two million subscriptions (E-petitions).
In conclusion, we can say that, although there are still institutions that seek so far limited their sites within the forms of political participation, such as mobilization or even public education, we must look with confidence to those organizations that have adopted measures contrary to the democratic approach of the new civil rights. It is remarkable that this is leading Western nations, such as the United Kingdom with their reforms, they can drag into the vortex reformer those who need to keep pace with the times.

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ICT: GREATER PARTICIPATION AND ONLY ONE' ILLUSION?

The question that now most of all is asked is really the Internet and other new technologies, which both seem to result act as a vehicle for greater participation and centralization of the citizen in public decision making?
As shown by the presence of numerous investigations and reporting, there is in the field of public communication, in political science, social science and computer science in general, a strong emphasis on digital policies, although still not be able to form a single view on the real possibility of their implementation. On the other hand, different and opposing arguments accompany debates on e-democracy, but in general there are two perspectives: one that advocated by those who Rolando (2003) defines the so-called cyber-enthusiast, or those who see in net return to direct democracy, trusting in the real participation of all citizens to public issues with the subsequent delineation of the power broker of the political means and traditional information. Citizens with tools for immediate interaction with public institutions may, on the one hand, increase interactivity (think the use of forums, blogs, newsletters, etc..) That would lead to greater awareness of rights and duties as members of civil society and, second, to help with his speech in public decisions. Continuing in the wake of Rolando terminology, all other views will be cyber-skeptic, who by acknowledging the extraordinary innovation of communication technologies and information, doubt that their simple application on the forms of political organization automatically mute the current arrangements. On the contrary, they believe that the advent of the network will strengthen the current form of democracy, even creating problems of exclusion of economically disadvantaged classes. The blogosphere would re-awaken the error of the traditional circles of opinion with the marginality of the demos and the centralization of elite individual (ie, who has provided the means).
Therefore, the views on the subject are many and sometimes conflicting, but my impression is that literature is mostly devoted to consider the true expressions more skeptical, in fact there are those who like Lusoli (2005) argues that "although it could free the citizens from the saddle of the institutions, new technologies enter the dynamics in the individualistic, or deliberative community that do not lead necessarily to more democratic outcomes." (P. 13).
While discarding a too restrictive approach in relation to the benefits created by new technologies, I share the thought of Calise (2006) in considering that in some cases, you have the feeling of being faced with a development of e-democracy to the advantage of face corporate leaders in the computer industry and political leaders of government. It gives rise to a real e-corporatism, as opposed to the effort to realize a project for serious and successful membership of the e-Citizens in the process of democratization. Even there, where the e-partecipation were implemented successfully, ensures that no one can speak of true direct participation because the fact remains that the network is still too complex a system run by a few players who dictate the rules of the game.
It should also be taken into mind that it is still of computer mediated communication between institutions and citizens, that a communication mediated by several factors, such as telecommunications infrastructure and protocols, so it is truthful and not misleading to speak only of "direct participation". In fact, as stated by Santaniello, between the individual and his car is opposed by a large area standards and those who steal the user effective control of the so-called personal computer, in this case perhaps speaks more of instrument control software, but it is said that this state of affairs did not even pour over the landscape of democratic freedoms.
Goldsmith and Wu (2006) are agreed, speaking of the development of the Internet, though at first there was the hope of being able to convey a clear communication link from any government, now dominated once again the great powers and especially c ' is the awareness that those who are in power will not give some of his scepter in the name of freedom of thought or civil participation. In addition, looking the way in which public institutions governing the intermediate areas of the network, we realize that they are moving in a rather uncertain enabling the development of private land also as regards the implementation of e-democracy and therefore the construction of surfaces public interaction (Amoretti, 2006). While it is obvious the interest of big companies, leaders in the IT sector in respect of the new market offered by public institutions. This can be supported by the fact that multinationals like IBM, Microsoft and NTT Data Corporation, not only acting in the background, but logically guided by their private interests, emphasize the social and political role of new media, so to do themselves as promoters of policies for education, economic development, e-democracy, etc..
Specifically, should therefore be emphasized that the coding of the fundamental architecture of the network have a significant impact on projects acting as a filter between democratic institutions and citizens.